| Hasil survei Bank Dunia (2010) menunjukkan bahwa sepertiga penduduk Indonesia tidak memiliki tabungan, baik di lembaga keuangan formal maupun di lembaga keuangan informal, dan sekitar 79 persen dapat dikelompokkan sebagai “financially excluded” dari segi tabungan. Dari segi pinjaman, hanya sekitar 40 persen penduduk Indonesia yang memiliki akses terhadap pinjaman (financially excluded dari sisi kredit) baik pinjaman dari perbankan maupun non-perbankan. Secara khusus, jumlah penduduk yang dapat meminjam dari bank sangat rendah, yaitu kurang dari 20 persen. Berbagai program inklusi keuangan telah diterapkan untuk meningkatkan tingkat inklusi keuangan di Indonesia, khususnya untuk rumah tangga miskin namun produktif (productive poor households) dan usaha mikro, kecil, dan menengah (UMKM). Beberapa program inklusi keuangan ini diantaranya Pembinaan Peningkatan Pendapatan Petani-Nelayan KecilPembinaan Peningkatan Pendapatan Petani-Nelayan Kecil-P4K), Center for Small and Medium Enterprise Assistance Program (Pusat Pengembangan Pendampingan Usaha Kecil dan Menengah-P3UKM), Kredit Usaha Rakyat (Kredit Usaha Rakyat-KUR), dan Program Nasional Pemberdayaan MasyaraProgram Nasional Pemberdayaan Masyarakat-PNPM). Some of the financial inclusion programs in Indonesia are subsidized or guaranteed by the government. It seems that this mechanism would only provide short-term solutions for the financial inclusion problems in Indonesia and this does not seem to have long-lasting impact on the improvement of formal financial access. The inherent issue of this subsidized credit mechanism is the access sustainability, especially when the government decides to cut the subsidies or no longer guarantee the credits. There is a high chance that some of the recipients of the subsidized credits will not be able to access the credits under pure market mechanisms. In addition, banks might be reluctant to approve the credit applications without the government guarantee. Bank Indonesia as the central bank of Indonesia has taken various initiatives in developing financial inclusion programs, ranging from Let’s Go to the Bank (Ayo ke Bank) program to Indonesia Saving Movement (Gerakan Indonesia Menabung). The financial inclusion programs developed by Bank Indonesia are implemented under the National Strategy for Financial Inclusion (NSFI) framework, which consists of five pillars, i.e. financial education, financial eligibility, supportive regulation, facilitating intermediation, and policy reform. Bank Indonesia as the central bank of Indonesia has taken various initiatives in developing financial inclusion programs, ranging from Let’s Go to the Bank (Ayo ke Bank) program to Indonesia Saving Movement (Gerakan Indonesia Menabung). The financial inclusion programs developed by Bank Indonesia are implemented under the National Strategy for Financial Inclusion (NSFI) framework, which consists of five pillars, i.e. financial education, financial eligibility, supportive regulation, facilitating intermediation, and policy reform. The Financial Identification Project (FIP) is a new innovative breakthrough carried out by Bank Indonesia in building a more systematic and promising pathway to a higher level of financial inclusion in Indonesia. This includes developing a mechanism to provide unique financial identity number (FIN) to the society, including the unbanked ones. The FIP is expected to produce a more effective and efficient approach to facilitate a better and easier financial access for the society, especially to those who do not have any access to banking services (the unbanked society), micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs), and the productive poor households. The improved financial inclusion is important for these groups to provide them more opportunities to run and expand their businesses, improve their investments, accumulate assets, smooth their income and consumption and manage shocks and unanticipated risks. The final objective of the financial inclusion program would be a significant improvement in the welfare the society as a whole. PT. Arah Cipta Guna (ACG) and PT. DEFINIT (DEFINIT) appointed by Bank Indonesia to conduct a consulting work for this program. This consulting work is assigned to built and implement a pilot project of the FIP that is expected to provide a stepping stone for a larger scale implementation. The consulting work also includes a survey “Financial Identification Number” in 6 provinces (West Java, Banten, Jakarta, Central Java, East Java, and Yogyakarta). The objective of this survey is to collect data of individuals and households that have potential access to banking sector. The result is expected to describe the financial condition and financial activities of respondents, and to gain more relevant information. It is expected that the data collection could be used in improving financial access of the society to banking sector. The following pictures show the training process of DEFINIT’s surveyors who conducted the pilot interviews of the FIN Survey. |
